Small Alex Saves the Big Boys Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Little Alex Saves the Big Boys - Essay Example It was the custom in that town that the young men needed to get organic products from the backwoods for their families consistently. Be that as it may, the young men were cautioned never to go close to the waterway as it was accepted to be occupied by goliaths. Regardless of his size, Alex would consistently go with his age mates to accumulate organic products, as custom requested. Be that as it may, Alex feared those excursions with the huge young men to the woods. Once in the backwoods, the large young men would effortlessly go after organic products on enormous trees and soon their crates would be full. Then again, Alex consistently needed to battle to arrive at the trees and this made him much more slow than the others in filling his container. The huge young men would exploit and go to the stream to swim. They would swim and play until they saw Alex accompanying his container and afterward they would go along with him in returning home. Without fail, the huge young men would mak e Alex swear that he would not report them to their older folks that they had swum. â€Å"Will you report us to the elders?† they would ask Alex. â€Å"No, I won't! I will never report you† Alex would reply in dread. â€Å"Good, in such a case that you do, we will take care of you to the mammoths whenever we go to the woodland! Ha! Ha! Ha!† the gathering chief would undermine snidely. â€Å"Ha! Ha! Ha!† different young men would participate in chuckling. Alex truly loathed himself for being so little and for â€Å"looking like a girl† that he was unable to safeguard himself from the enormous young men. â€Å"God I truly loathe this body! My hands and feet are excessively minuscule and I am too short!† Alex would consistently grumble at whatever point he was separated from everyone else. â€Å"Why can’t I be as large as young men my age? Why can’t I swim with them in the stream? Why can’t I protect myself from them?† Alex would ponder to himself and tears would move up in his lovely blue eyes. At some point, the young men were sent to assemble organic products just like the custom. Much the same as they had done previously, they immediately filled their bushels at that point raced to the waterway to swim, abandoning Alex. After Alex had filled his bin, he began walking around the way prompting waterway, in transit home. Out of nowhere, there was an uproarious thunder from behind him. â€Å"HA! HA! HA! HA! Today is my day of reckoning! I have one more kid to eat!† a noisy voice roared. Alex nearly blacked out when he pivoted. The greatest monster anybody had ever observed was standing right behind him. The monster had one eye, a major mouth, four hands, and two feet. After looking carefully, Alex saw one of the huge young men in the possession of the monster. Alex dropped his bin and began running as quick as possible, calling different young men. â€Å"I as of now gulped all the other s, you are next!† said the monster as it gulped the kid it had been holding. Alex was alarmed. As the mammoth contacted handle him, because of his little size, Alex had the option to sneak past the fingers of the goliath and move up a tree. Up on the tree, Alex recalled a story he had heard. It guaranteed that monsters had one more eye at the back and that in the event that somebody hit that eye, the mammoth would drop dead. Incredibly, Alex understood that the monster had an extra eye at the rear of its head. Alex connected and snatched a branch, pulled at it energetically then hit the giant’s eye. The mammoth fell with a deafening sound and Alex descended the tree, ran home and educated the older folks. Before long, the monster was killed and all the young men it had gulped were removed from its stomach. All the enormous young men expressed gratitude toward Alex for sparing their lives and apologized for having abused him on past events. That night, a festival was hel d out of appreciation for Alex,

Search on the internet for a graph in your field of study that is Statistics Project

Quest on the web for a diagram in your field of study that is deceiving and talk about. If you don't mind additionally connect a connect to the chart so we can allude to the diagram in your conversation - Statistics Project Example The third bar’s tallness is more than twofold that of the subsequent bar, yet the worth it speaks to isn't. There is unquestionably an irregularity introduced in the delineation of the valuation of the organization. Another piece of the chart which is deceiving is the manner in which the flat pivot is scaled. In spite of the fact that the bars are similarly divided, the dates that they speak to have lopsided interims. The principal bar spoke to the long stretch of December, the subsequent bar spoke to January however the following two bars spoke to two dates in March. One additionally saw that the valuation for May 2011 was excluded from the chart. Moreover, the long stretch of July demonstrated three separate bars showing valuations for three distinct days in the month. The creator of the chart ought to be reliable with respect to the time interim that he needs to portray in his diagram. Does he need it to be every other month or month to month? Also, in the event that he decides to make the scale on a month to month premise, figures indicated ought to be a similar date of consistently. He can think about utilizing the principal day or the most recent day of the month. The consistency of data i ntroduced is crucial to forestall deluding the mediators of the diagram. This delineation befuddles the perusers in light of the fact that the pattern that is demonstrated isn't intelligent of the genuine image of the organization valuation since various time interims are appeared. PrivCo. (2011, August 24). Facebook valuation endures first-historically speaking back to back drop. Recovered April 11, 2012, from privco.com:

My Special Education Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

My Special Education Philosophy - Essay Example They will be permitted to educate about their issues and needs to their instructor and they will be energized by their errand execution. Every single understudy will be managed independently for his/her particular needs. Understudies will be offered offices to adapt basically by the assistance of broad media helps. The product introduced on the PCs will be for the students’ comfort. Alongside hypothetical information, they will likewise be encouraged with hypothetical information to a littler degree as to illuminate them with the data connected to a down to earth execution. They will be permitted to utilize the things about which, they will be educated too. The understudies will likewise be taken to places where they can adapt for all intents and purposes, for example, the zoo, development places, producing manufacturing plants and different spots for acquisition of information. I will encourage understudies with unique needs with required pragmatic information and aptitudes t hat are required for the acquisition of appropriate information. My picked exceptional instructive way of thinking is valuable and I feel that the understudies with uncommon necessities will get advantage with it since all the requirements of the understudies are considered in it. With commonsense information, understudies will gain admittance to information all the more effectively and will learn in a way that is additionally successful for them. Viable learning can be considered as the best type of learning and every single understudy ought to be viewed as a person who has exceptional necessities that require satisfaction.

Discrimination Upon LGBTQ Community - Free Essay Example

Everyday people witness couples in public getting called disturbing slurs, being harassed, and escorted from businesses. Majority of the LGBTQ community have reported that they have experienced harassment, threats, and violence due to their sexual beliefs. LGBTQ Couples are being discriminated on a daily basis just by doing everyday activities. Several Incidents have shown discrimination in the LGBTQ community including LGBTQ avoiding public businesses because of public accommodation discrimination, being judged because their religion exercise, and being refused of an marriage license. According to public businesses, LGBTQ avoided them because of public accommodation discrimination. About â€Å"47 percent [ of the LGBTQ members] made specific decisions where to shop,† because daily disrespect ( Miller, â€Å" LGBT Bias† ). Miller developed a report to share how discrimination can leave others feeling disrupted. Judgement was so critical that a transgender officer was assisting her three year old daughter to the bathroom and staff members and other customers at the restaurant was whispering and staring at them disturbingly. People made her feel uncomfortable that she avoided places that made her feel that way. She developed a urinary infection because she was getting followed around to see what restroom she was going to use ( Miller, â€Å" LGBT Bias†). Miller scoped out that everyday activities will leave most people at risk from discrimination. Therefore situations common to this LGBTQ people try to avoid everything and everywhere discriminati on may occur such as stores, restaurants, doctor offices, and public transportation. With this issue the federal government aroused religious exemptions opposing coordinated attacks to the public. For example, â€Å"Individual government agencies, and businesses [violated laws of justice]† because the power of religious exemptions created licenses to discriminate against the core of Americans (Mushoric, â€Å" Coordinated Attack†). Mushoric thinks people are getting away with optioning out laws to affect the core of human beings. Although federal and state legislation believe that [businesses has the right to] religion objections. They are not exempt from following the law when it comes to firing or hiring employees, and discrimination protection for clients† ( Muschoric, â€Å" Coordinated Attack†). Summarizing Mushoric thoughts, with or without a business or organization individuals shouldn’t be exempt from following laws. However the LGBTQ community is being judged because their religion exercise. â€Å" In the beginning of 2010 [The District of Columbia] ceased the foster care program [for] same sex marriage laws no longer have a permitted placement [for] children† (â€Å"Marriage Consequences†). The Greenhaven Press dived into the critique and found that they were prohibited to have a home for foster children. In Michigan, â€Å"A graduate student was dismissed from school program after referring a client to another counselor because she/he was [influenced in a homosexual relationship]† (â€Å"Marriage Consequences†). The Greenhaven Press made a note that refusing to give assistance at a college can ruin a person placement there. As one can see gay marriage/relationships is not acceptable in their religion so they raise a legal argument. Simultaneously Stephen Seufert gave a litmus test and discovered discrimination among African Americans, Gays, Lesbians, Bisexuals,and Transgenders. â€Å"American history has shown ‘religious freedom’ was used to legitimize slavery† (Seufert, â€Å"Freedom Discriminate†). However, Seufert shared what the bad aspects of humanity he have witness. â€Å"Similar kinds of laws and tactics under the guise of â€Å"religious freedom† are now being used by businesses and lawmakers to discriminate against LGBT people† (Seufert, â€Å"Freedom Discriminate†). In South Carolina, A Restaurant Owner refused to serve to African Americans on his/her rights in the first amendment to practice his/her own religion beliefs. To illustrate Seufert thoughts on â€Å"Can Religious Freedom Be Used to Discriminate?† Seufert found many stories supporting the good and bad aspects of humanity. Seufert believe individuals should decide if new religion laws a re form to uplift humanity or breakdown the love for peers. To put it differently individuals and groups discriminating based of perceived threats to their religious freedom due to their lifestyle and beliefs of others. In the meantime, LGBTQ members were refused marriage licenses all over the United States. An Attorney General in Texas made a statement that the public claimed â€Å"[The General gave] permission to refuse to issue a marriage license to same sex couples† (Marusic, â€Å"LGBT Licenses†). Marusic found it appealing that a officer in Texas confronted the attorney general on his/her misunderstood statement to the public. The entire United States was â€Å"going rogue† when the Supreme Court made equality marriage rule for same sex couples. Marusic supported how the public felt to changes for the LGBTQ people. Therefore the government made a dramatic view of the opposition to homosexuals marriage as a prohibition against discrimination. Again a marriage license was refused and marriage equality was unrecognized. â€Å"[Eriksen, a man who] has a religious objection and has referred the matter to his deputy clerks who has no such objection and will issue [a marriage] license† (â€Å"Denied License†). This source is an expert because Eriksen think he handled the situation professionally by referring them to someone else without addressing the issue of not supporting their marriage . â€Å" I don’t care if the clerk is opposed to marriage equality that’s his right but he can’t impose his will onto others in violation of the law† tweeted by New York Governor Andrew Cuomo (â€Å"Denied License†). On a social media app, Twitter, the governor of New York stood up to the individual who opposed marriage equality. Therefore Wong shared this story to stop the unconscionable act of discrimination publicly.The New York Governor is involved because what Eriksen did wasnt fair to the couples. The Governor directed a investigation on the issues and made sure the mistake doesnt happen again. The Governor hosted a gay wedding for the couple that was denied a marriage license by Eriksen on August 18th, 2018. In the LGBTQ community during daily activities sometimes leave them feeling barbs of bias because discrimination in their community. These pieces were used to persuade the federal government and Supreme Court that it’s unfair to let people disobey the law.The main conflict is LGBTQ wanting to express themselves freely. The LGBTQ people who felt the sting of discrimination see the community differently. Stories were written to inform individuals that discrimination can disrupt daily behavior makes LGBTQ people feel unwelcome. The main subject addressed is that people dealing with discrimination in public because sexual orientation, gender identity. Pastors, Ministers, Counselors, Teachers, Bosses, Parents, Doctors, Nurses ,and Students, Everyone in United States should reconsider the act of discrimination regarding its against your belief system or not.

Politics Dissertations - Media Political Attitudes - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 20 Words: 5944 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? The impact of the media on public opinion, in countries across the globe, including the United States, is the subject of a growing body of academic and public discourse. The media has grown to become the main conduit for the publics understanding of world events. If the media can be said to provide wide-ranging and balanced coverage of news events there seems little or no problem of negative influence on public opinion. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Politics Dissertations Media Political Attitudes" essay for you Create order However, the belief in the neutrality of media coverage is not without its critics and the manipulation of news affects the attitudes and behaviours of those it is aimed at, namely the wider American public. The following argument will espouse the view that the media in the current period of time do have an influence on public attitudes and behaviour. Furthermore, the media are in turn influenced by external factors, which can result in the manipulation of public opinion for means preferable to the ruling establishment and business. Before embarking on a definitive answer to this question one must firmly establish definitions that will be used throughout the essay. The first issue is whether or not we can identify and employ the term media as if it were a single entity. This essay will adopt the position that media in this circumstance pertains to the news media of electronic and print journalism. There are of course vast differences between the coverage of news networks such as CNN and newspaper publication such as The New York Times. However, the argument for the all-encompassing use of the term is persuasive. Timothy Cook, for example, explains that the strong similarities of news processes and news content across modalities (television, newspapers, and newsmagazines), size of organization, national or local audiences, etc., point to the news media as a single institution (Cook 1998, p. 84). Thus, for the purposes of this analysis the term media will be taken to represent a monolithic structure encompassing b roadcast, print and digital formats. On a further point of clarity it is necessary to establish the meaning of political attitudes and behaviours. Without resorting to a dictionary definition the distinction here appears to be with peoples thoughts, private or public, and actions, such as the physical act of voting. The measuring of public opinion is complex and has been researched and discussed thoroughly elsewhere. This essay will utilise the existing literature to establish that the media does have an effect on public attitudes and will as such go on to analyse the nature of the influences. The reliance upon the media for information is a key factor in understanding its influence. In his discussion of the issue Timothy Cook states that in the United States, the privately owned news media are relied upon to provide communication from the elite to the public, as well as within the public as a whole (Cook 1998, p. 82). This reliance places the media in a powerful position of mediating not only between the American public but also between the citizens and the state. Despite the multiplicity of news outlets the content, as noted above also by Cook, is often largely similar. The effect of dominant stories being emitted across the media spectrum is one of influencing the political and other attitudes and behaviour of the American public. In his article on the subject Donald Jordan reaches the conclusion that in both newspaper items and television broadcasts experts and commentators wield heavy influence (Jordan 1993, p. 191). The crux of their influence comes in the empowering of the media, by the public, who tend to place a great deal of weight upon the importance of the news stories that reach the front page or television screen. In turn the political importance placed upon this by the public comes as the public seek to judge the stance of politicians on the issues in the media, regardless of whether the said politicians are linked to the news event (Cook 1998, p. 126). It is this perceived influence that in reverse drives politicians to respond even if the issue does not react strongly. In addition to placing a degree of importance on news stories that reach them via the media, there is also reason to suggest that the American public believe what the media say about an issue. Indeed, Hustler publisher Larry Flynt argues that many Americans buy into the newss propaganda on a nightly basis (Flynt 2004, p. 183). If one takes buy into to mean agree with or accept as fact the influence of the media becomes apparent, [t]he reporter is the recorder of government but he is also a participant (Cater in Cook 1998, p. 1). The media, under these assumptions, cannot be viewed as the benign distributors of news, but also the selectors of news and the formers of opinion. The main argument against the above description is that of active audience analysis. This approach contends that audiences routinely interpret corporate messages in ways that suit their own needs, not that of media proprietors or advertisers. However, this argument itself is disputed by those suggesting this dismisses the cumulative effect of repetitive media messages (Herman and McChesney 1997, p. 194). The traditional argument is that the media serves the public well as a force for their democratic right to know (Taylor 1997, p. 1). The American media, and indeed the media of other western democracies, is heralded as a fundamental component of the virtuosity of free speech. In the conflicts against Iraq the rhetoric in the media contrasted the free speech of the media in democratic countries against the state-run media of Husseins Iraq. The irony here is the negated recognition of media censorship by western countries during times of conflict. More worryingly this censorship can often be identified as self-censorship as media organisations seek to remain with the official government and military information channels that dominate the flow of news from the battlefield. In this atmosphere the publics right to know appears to be more akin to the public right to know what the authorities want it to know. Professionalism is also enlisted to support the assertion that the media is acting upon the best interests of the public. The argument purported suggests the individual journalists have professional pride in their work and a moral work ethic that counters efforts to influence their output. However, this does not appear to be the case and tainted news stories emerge that influence the public perception of events. The lack of diversity in news sources, as previously referred to in Cooks account, does not reflect the multiplicity of interpretations that professionalism and personal interpretation by individual reporters would suggest. Despite any well-meaning intentions the most used sources of information by journalists are official channels. Journalists also work within the remit of the editorial policies of their institutions and other dominating factors that shape the news agenda. With conformity of opinion and repetition of news stories, combined with a public willingness to place greater emphasis on the importance of events in the news, the power of the American media to influence the public attitudes and behaviour towards issues becomes apparent. The editorial policies of the media appear to be free-chosen ideals, shaped by the political leanings of those in charge. In the case of newspapers, such overt political leanings are accepted if not expected. However, even with such freedom of choice one can argue that the conservative elements of the American establishment dominate the media agenda. Larry Flynt argues the media is dominated by these influences, which are able to insert their message into the media machine: Where did these ideas come from, and why are they so popular? The answers lie in our newspapers, magazines, radio, and television, and in the people who run them. On the right, you have media piranhas who lie, distort, and work the ref until our heads spin. On the left, you have press poodles who either just do what theyre told, or are too reasonable and polite to compete with ranting, conservative lunatics (Flynt 2004, p. 148). With this in mind one can argue the more conservative elements in politics are managing to portray their version of events. If this is the case and the public place greater faith in those messages purported by the media, then the political attitudes and behaviour of the American public can be said to be influenced. The re-election of George Bush, for example, would appear to substantiate such assertions. The increased commercialisation of the industry also plays a part in the influencing of public opinion. As has been noted the maturing of commercial broadcasting not only substitutes entertainment for public service; the U.S. experience suggests that maturation brings with it a decline in variety of viewpoints and increased protection of establishment interests (Herman and McChesney 1997, p. 143). News has to be important and interesting, for the viewing public to remain engaged. This brings about the introduction of value-laden assumptions to the selection process as news is filtered by editorial staff to provide entertaining news to keep ratings, and hence advertising revenue, high. Once more the unfiltered, diverse media is actually revealed to be both ideologically and economically sieved to produce a product to engage the public. Any discrepancy from this formula can prove troublesome, as Bernhard asserts, because [p]ointing to the social costs of capitalism is still mistaken fo r disloyalty, or for psychosis (Bernhard 1999, p. 178). The same is true for any criticism of a war effort, with the attackers facing the wrath of media and public criticism if messages are deemed unpatriotic. It is also argued that commercialisation leads to the isolation of the public from the political system. This view is put forward by Herman and McChesney: [T]he commercialisation of broadcasting has further weakened democracy by delocalizing (nationalizing) politics, because, as Gerald Benjamin notes, appeals made in one place or to one group may be immediately communicated regionally or nationally. Thus the distributive politics of particular appeals to particular groups can no longer be made by candidates without their first calculating the possible effects on other groups in their electoral coalitions. The individual is more isolated, political participation tends to be reduced, and the idea of collective social action is weakened (Herman and McChesney 1997, p. 147). The political system is altered by the mass reach of media. The individual is weakened and their political attitudes and behaviours are thus altered. Political action at a local level by determined groups is less possible now and the bigger picture much be considered. While the political power of the individual is weakened so too in the breadth of knowledge they attain from the media. Commercialisation and the modern media system have led to the trivialisation of news. Events are edited and selected to appeal as entertainment. The illusion of an informed American public appears justified by the mention of events from afar but, asks Phil Taylor, to what extent this can be said to be the case is debateable: In reality, does the practice of covering world events in twelve column inches or a three-minute news segment encourage prejudice rather than empathy, national pride rather than international harmony, and emotional rather than rational judgements? (Taylor 1997, pp. 1-2). The answer would appear to be yes to each, as while the public are presented with the faade of a multifaceted media machine the content is still highly selective. The outlets may be numerous but the depth is lacking. As the media world moves evermore to the instantaneous and 24-hour news culture the demand to produce a vast quantity of visually-orientated images quickly supersedes any depth of understanding the American public could seek to ascertain. The appeal to emotion does little to stimulate educated discussion upon issues. Instead, if the carefully selected news agenda wishes it can appeal to the public to behave in a way favourable to the governments wishes. For example, during the 1999 Kosovo Conflict the media in the United States and Great Britain played great attention to the human interest stories of Albanian refugees to stir public sympathy for intervention on their behalf. However, the irony was that the chosen form of intervention, solely from the air, while resulting in no politically damaging allied casualties, did little to stem the flow of refugees. Having referred to conflict one is also inclined to believe that the above interpretation of the media in the context of war may differ. When one takes into account the negative connotations assigned to the medias role during the Vietnam War the relationship would at first appear antagonistic and preclude any bowing on the part of the media to government will. However, the trend for assigning journalists to press pools in the 1990-1 Gulf War demonstrated an effective way of embedding journalists, not only physically, but also mentally with American forces. Cooperation between the media and the government manifested itself in ignoring and attempting to change public opinion, as Phillip Knightley explains: [S]izable minorities in both the United States and Britain were against such a war and although the mainstream media largely ignored their protests, these had to be dampened down unless they gained strength. Hussein had to be demonised. He was painted as being ruthless, another Hitler, a fanatic, deranged, a psychopath, hated by his own people and despised in the Arab world. Further, from the moment his troops had arrived in Kuwait they had committed unspeakable atrocities (Knightley 2001, p. 486). In addition to the restriction of information the media echoed government messages demonising Hussein and his actions. In this respect opposition to the conflict became tantamount to support for Saddam Hussein. Opposition was deemed unpatriotic. By ignoring public protest and presenting this interpretation of events the American public were being shamed into non-verbal opposition and the opinions of proponents of the war were bolstered by the apparent large-scale acceptance of their opinions, as witnessed through the media. Such a perception of events in conflict is at odds with the reality highlighted by Flynt in this and the subsequent conflict in Afghanistan: [W]e had no media with the troops in Afghanistan. Hardly anyone realized that most western reporters were being kept far from the front lines. The war news was being censored. We were being spoon fed commentary and military press releases masquerading as hard news. That was not only an insult to the American people, it was a huge disservice to news coverage in general (Flynt 2004, pp. 162-163). On a subject as emotive as conflict one would expect a mass media to be rife with opinions and conflicting views, representing the fears and worries of a diverse American public. The reverse was in fact true. The media demonstrated in the most tense of times that not only could and would it shape the perception of the conflict to the American people; it was also willing to gloss over public attitudes and expressions of dissent in a misled quest for patriotism in a manner that had historical precursors: In joining forces to sell the Cold War to the American people, government and industry professionals clearly knew they violated precepts of a free and independent press, but they justified it to themselves as a necessary patriotic duty in a fearsome age (Bernhard 1999, p. 179). Military conflict is one arena where the influence of the media is enhanced as the American public thirst for information. However, it also appears to be the occasion when the media is most likely to filter the information it provides. As with military confrontations the influence of media affects not only US public but also beyond. As Edward Herman and Robert McChesney point out the American model for global media is the likely ideal for other world media, as is, arguably, the democratic system of government (Herman and McChesney 1997, p. 137). This also includes cultural infiltration of the American way of life with publics of other nations. Herman and McChesney go so far as to state that: We also think it very important to recognize that media effects are inseparable from broader economic, political, and cultural influences, such as external military occupation and rule, foreign indirect rule through sponsored authoritarian regimes military and police aid and training, economic and financial linkages, and tourism and educational exchanges, all of which are at least as imbalanced as media exports and imports (Herman and McChesney 1997, p. 155). In a mass media world, where the reach of information is global, perhaps one should consider not only the influence on the American public, but also the worldwide cultural influence. The impact of the American media on public attitudes and behaviour is great. The media have an unparalleled hold over information dissemination to the wider public and the message, according to many commentators, is all too readily accepted. However the messages portrayed are not the result of individual reportage and endeavour on the part of journalists. The mass media is shaped by government and commercial interests that combine to reduce diverse outlets to the same messages. In times of heightened national interest in the news agenda, such as during conflict, the process is more restricted than normal. In essence the media present the contradiction of a mass, diverse organism that through the widespread regurgitation of similar messages, lends credence to those messages, influencing the publics judgement as to their infallibility. Bibliography Articles Jordan, Donald, Newspaper Effects on Policy Preferences, Political Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 57, 1993, pp. 191-204. Books Bernhard, Nancy, U.S. Television News and Cold War Propaganda, 1947-1960, (Cambridge: 1999). Cook, Timothy, Governing with the News. The News Media as a Political Institution, (London: 1998) Flynt, Larry, Sex, Lies and Politics. The Naked truth about Bush, Democracy and the War on Terror, (London: 2004). Herman, Edward and McChesney, Robert, The Global Media. The New Missionaries of Corporate Capitalism, (London: 1999). Knightley, Phillip, The First Casualty. The War Correspondent as Hero and Myth-Maker from the Crimea to Kosovo, (London: 2001). Taylor, Philip, Global Communications, International Affairs and the Media since 1945, (London: 1997). The impact of the media on public opinion, in countries across the globe, including the United States, is the subject of a growing body of academic and public discourse. The media has grown to become the main conduit for the publics understanding of world events. If the media can be said to provide wide-ranging and balanced coverage of news events there seems little or no problem of negative influence on public opinion. However, the belief in the neutrality of media coverage is not without its critics and the manipulation of news affects the attitudes and behaviours of those it is aimed at, namely the wider American public. The following argument will espouse the view that the media in the current period of time do have an influence on public attitudes and behaviour. Furthermore, the media are in turn influenced by external factors, which can result in the manipulation of public opinion for means preferable to the ruling establishment and business. Before embarking on a definitive answer to this question one must firmly establish definitions that will be used throughout the essay. The first issue is whether or not we can identify and employ the term media as if it were a single entity. This essay will adopt the position that media in this circumstance pertains to the news media of electronic and print journalism. There are of course vast differences between the coverage of news networks such as CNN and newspaper publication such as The New York Times. However, the argument for the all-encompassing use of the term is persuasive. Timothy Cook, for example, explains that the strong similarities of news processes and news content across modalities (television, newspapers, and newsmagazines), size of organization, national or local audiences, etc., point to the news media as a single institution (Cook 1998, p. 84). Thus, for the purposes of this analysis the term media will be taken to represent a monolithic structure encompassing b roadcast, print and digital formats. On a further point of clarity it is necessary to establish the meaning of political attitudes and behaviours. Without resorting to a dictionary definition the distinction here appears to be with peoples thoughts, private or public, and actions, such as the physical act of voting. The measuring of public opinion is complex and has been researched and discussed thoroughly elsewhere. This essay will utilise the existing literature to establish that the media does have an effect on public attitudes and will as such go on to analyse the nature of the influences. The reliance upon the media for information is a key factor in understanding its influence. In his discussion of the issue Timothy Cook states that in the United States, the privately owned news media are relied upon to provide communication from the elite to the public, as well as within the public as a whole (Cook 1998, p. 82). This reliance places the media in a powerful position of mediating not only between the American public but also between the citizens and the state. Despite the multiplicity of news outlets the content, as noted above also by Cook, is often largely similar. The effect of dominant stories being emitted across the media spectrum is one of influencing the political and other attitudes and behaviour of the American public. In his article on the subject Donald Jordan reaches the conclusion that in both newspaper items and television broadcasts experts and commentators wield heavy influence (Jordan 1993, p. 191). The crux of their influence comes in the empowering of the media, by the public, who tend to place a great deal of weight upon the importance of the news stories that reach the front page or television screen. In turn the political importance placed upon this by the public comes as the public seek to judge the stance of politicians on the issues in the media, regardless of whether the said politicians are linked to the news event (Cook 1998, p. 126). It is this perceived influence that in reverse drives politicians to respond even if the issue does not react strongly. In addition to placing a degree of importance on news stories that reach them via the media, there is also reason to suggest that the American public believe what the media say about an issue. Indeed, Hustler publisher Larry Flynt argues that many Americans buy into the newss propaganda on a nightly basis (Flynt 2004, p. 183). If one takes buy into to mean agree with or accept as fact the influence of the media becomes apparent, [t]he reporter is the recorder of government but he is also a participant (Cater in Cook 1998, p. 1). The media, under these assumptions, cannot be viewed as the benign distributors of news, but also the selectors of news and the formers of opinion. The main argument against the above description is that of active audience analysis. This approach contends that audiences routinely interpret corporate messages in ways that suit their own needs, not that of media proprietors or advertisers. However, this argument itself is disputed by those suggesting this dismisses the cumulative effect of repetitive media messages (Herman and McChesney 1997, p. 194). The traditional argument is that the media serves the public well as a force for their democratic right to know (Taylor 1997, p. 1). The American media, and indeed the media of other western democracies, is heralded as a fundamental component of the virtuosity of free speech. In the conflicts against Iraq the rhetoric in the media contrasted the free speech of the media in democratic countries against the state-run media of Husseins Iraq. The irony here is the negated recognition of media censorship by western countries during times of conflict. More worryingly this censorship can often be identified as self-censorship as media organisations seek to remain with the official government and military information channels that dominate the flow of news from the battlefield. In this atmosphere the publics right to know appears to be more akin to the public right to know what the authorities want it to know. Professionalism is also enlisted to support the assertion that the media is acting upon the best interests of the public. The argument purported suggests the individual journalists have professional pride in their work and a moral work ethic that counters efforts to influence their output. However, this does not appear to be the case and tainted news stories emerge that influence the public perception of events. The lack of diversity in news sources, as previously referred to in Cooks account, does not reflect the multiplicity of interpretations that professionalism and personal interpretation by individual reporters would suggest. Despite any well-meaning intentions the most used sources of information by journalists are official channels. Journalists also work within the remit of the editorial policies of their institutions and other dominating factors that shape the news agenda. With conformity of opinion and repetition of news stories, combined with a public willingness to place greater emphasis on the importance of events in the news, the power of the American media to influence the public attitudes and behaviour towards issues becomes apparent. The editorial policies of the media appear to be free-chosen ideals, shaped by the political leanings of those in charge. In the case of newspapers, such overt political leanings are accepted if not expected. However, even with such freedom of choice one can argue that the conservative elements of the American establishment dominate the media agenda. Larry Flynt argues the media is dominated by these influences, which are able to insert their message into the media machine: Where did these ideas come from, and why are they so popular? The answers lie in our newspapers, magazines, radio, and television, and in the people who run them. On the right, you have media piranhas who lie, distort, and work the ref until our heads spin. On the left, you have press poodles who either just do what theyre told, or are too reasonable and polite to compete with ranting, conservative lunatics (Flynt 2004, p. 148). With this in mind one can argue the more conservative elements in politics are managing to portray their version of events. If this is the case and the public place greater faith in those messages purported by the media, then the political attitudes and behaviour of the American public can be said to be influenced. The re-election of George Bush, for example, would appear to substantiate such assertions. The increased commercialisation of the industry also plays a part in the influencing of public opinion. As has been noted the maturing of commercial broadcasting not only substitutes entertainment for public service; the U.S. experience suggests that maturation brings with it a decline in variety of viewpoints and increased protection of establishment interests (Herman and McChesney 1997, p. 143). News has to be important and interesting, for the viewing public to remain engaged. This brings about the introduction of value-laden assumptions to the selection process as news is filtered by editorial staff to provide entertaining news to keep ratings, and hence advertising revenue, high. Once more the unfiltered, diverse media is actually revealed to be both ideologically and economically sieved to produce a product to engage the public. Any discrepancy from this formula can prove troublesome, as Bernhard asserts, because [p]ointing to the social costs of capitalism is still mistaken fo r disloyalty, or for psychosis (Bernhard 1999, p. 178). The same is true for any criticism of a war effort, with the attackers facing the wrath of media and public criticism if messages are deemed unpatriotic. It is also argued that commercialisation leads to the isolation of the public from the political system. This view is put forward by Herman and McChesney: [T]he commercialisation of broadcasting has further weakened democracy by delocalizing (nationalizing) politics, because, as Gerald Benjamin notes, appeals made in one place or to one group may be immediately communicated regionally or nationally. Thus the distributive politics of particular appeals to particular groups can no longer be made by candidates without their first calculating the possible effects on other groups in their electoral coalitions. The individual is more isolated, political participation tends to be reduced, and the idea of collective social action is weakened (Herman and McChesney 1997, p. 147). The political system is altered by the mass reach of media. The individual is weakened and their political attitudes and behaviours are thus altered. Political action at a local level by determined groups is less possible now and the bigger picture much be considered. While the political power of the individual is weakened so too in the breadth of knowledge they attain from the media. Commercialisation and the modern media system have led to the trivialisation of news. Events are edited and selected to appeal as entertainment. The illusion of an informed American public appears justified by the mention of events from afar but, asks Phil Taylor, to what extent this can be said to be the case is debateable: In reality, does the practice of covering world events in twelve column inches or a three-minute news segment encourage prejudice rather than empathy, national pride rather than international harmony, and emotional rather than rational judgements? (Taylor 1997, pp. 1-2). The answer would appear to be yes to each, as while the public are presented with the faade of a multifaceted media machine the content is still highly selective. The outlets may be numerous but the depth is lacking. As the media world moves evermore to the instantaneous and 24-hour news culture the demand to produce a vast quantity of visually-orientated images quickly supersedes any depth of understanding the American public could seek to ascertain. The appeal to emotion does little to stimulate educated discussion upon issues. Instead, if the carefully selected news agenda wishes it can appeal to the public to behave in a way favourable to the governments wishes. For example, during the 1999 Kosovo Conflict the media in the United States and Great Britain played great attention to the human interest stories of Albanian refugees to stir public sympathy for intervention on their behalf. However, the irony was that the chosen form of intervention, solely from the air, while resulting in no politically damaging allied casualties, did little to stem the flow of refugees. Having referred to conflict one is also inclined to believe that the above interpretation of the media in the context of war may differ. When one takes into account the negative connotations assigned to the medias role during the Vietnam War the relationship would at first appear antagonistic and preclude any bowing on the part of the media to government will. However, the trend for assigning journalists to press pools in the 1990-1 Gulf War demonstrated an effective way of embedding journalists, not only physically, but also mentally with American forces. Cooperation between the media and the government manifested itself in ignoring and attempting to change public opinion, as Phillip Knightley explains: [S]izable minorities in both the United States and Britain were against such a war and although the mainstream media largely ignored their protests, these had to be dampened down unless they gained strength. Hussein had to be demonised. He was painted as being ruthless, another Hitler, a fanatic, deranged, a psychopath, hated by his own people and despised in the Arab world. Further, from the moment his troops had arrived in Kuwait they had committed unspeakable atrocities (Knightley 2001, p. 486). In addition to the restriction of information the media echoed government messages demonising Hussein and his actions. In this respect opposition to the conflict became tantamount to support for Saddam Hussein. Opposition was deemed unpatriotic. By ignoring public protest and presenting this interpretation of events the American public were being shamed into non-verbal opposition and the opinions of proponents of the war were bolstered by the apparent large-scale acceptance of their opinions, as witnessed through the media. Such a perception of events in conflict is at odds with the reality highlighted by Flynt in this and the subsequent conflict in Afghanistan: [W]e had no media with the troops in Afghanistan. Hardly anyone realized that most western reporters were being kept far from the front lines. The war news was being censored. We were being spoon fed commentary and military press releases masquerading as hard news. That was not only an insult to the American people, it was a huge disservice to news coverage in general (Flynt 2004, pp. 162-163). On a subject as emotive as conflict one would expect a mass media to be rife with opinions and conflicting views, representing the fears and worries of a diverse American public. The reverse was in fact true. The media demonstrated in the most tense of times that not only could and would it shape the perception of the conflict to the American people; it was also willing to gloss over public attitudes and expressions of dissent in a misled quest for patriotism in a manner that had historical precursors: In joining forces to sell the Cold War to the American people, government and industry professionals clearly knew they violated precepts of a free and independent press, but they justified it to themselves as a necessary patriotic duty in a fearsome age (Bernhard 1999, p. 179). Military conflict is one arena where the influence of the media is enhanced as the American public thirst for information. However, it also appears to be the occasion when the media is most likely to filter the information it provides. As with military confrontations the influence of media affects not only US public but also beyond. As Edward Herman and Robert McChesney point out the American model for global media is the likely ideal for other world media, as is, arguably, the democratic system of government (Herman and McChesney 1997, p. 137). This also includes cultural infiltration of the American way of life with publics of other nations. Herman and McChesney go so far as to state that: We also think it very important to recognize that media effects are inseparable from broader economic, political, and cultural influences, such as external military occupation and rule, foreign indirect rule through sponsored authoritarian regimes military and police aid and training, economic and financial linkages, and tourism and educational exchanges, all of which are at least as imbalanced as media exports and imports (Herman and McChesney 1997, p. 155). In a mass media world, where the reach of information is global, perhaps one should consider not only the influence on the American public, but also the worldwide cultural influence. The impact of the American media on public attitudes and behaviour is great. The media have an unparalleled hold over information dissemination to the wider public and the message, according to many commentators, is all too readily accepted. However the messages portrayed are not the result of individual reportage and endeavour on the part of journalists. The mass media is shaped by government and commercial interests that combine to reduce diverse outlets to the same messages. In times of heightened national interest in the news agenda, such as during conflict, the process is more restricted than normal. In essence the media present the contradiction of a mass, diverse organism that through the widespread regurgitation of similar messages, lends credence to those messages, influencing the publics judgement as to their infallibility. Bibliography Articles Jordan, Donald, Newspaper Effects on Policy Preferences, Political Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 57, 1993, pp. 191-204. Books Bernhard, Nancy, U.S. Television News and Cold War Propaganda, 1947-1960, (Cambridge: 1999). Cook, Timothy, Governing with the News. The News Media as a Political Institution, (London: 1998) Flynt, Larry, Sex, Lies and Politics. The Naked truth about Bush, Democracy and the War on Terror, (London: 2004). Herman, Edward and McChesney, Robert, The Global Media. The New Missionaries of Corporate Capitalism, (London: 1999). Knightley, Phillip, The First Casualty. The War Correspondent as Hero and Myth-Maker from the Crimea to Kosovo, (London: 2001). Taylor, Philip, Global Communications, International Affairs and the Media since 1945, (London: 1997).

A Survey On Women And The Governmental Branches Of The...

Methods Participants The sample participants in this survey are women serving in the three governmental branches of the United States. Those three branches consist of the legislative branch (104 women), executive branch (7 women), and the judicial branch (131 women) nation wide. Additionally, those women arranged from the Democratic and Republican parties. Potential participants will include two hundred and fifty-five women derived from various branches. All potential subjects will receive information on the study. That information will contain, the purpose of the study, who will be doing the research, and when the research conveyed. As a recruitment method emails distributed to all potential participants will notifying them of upcoming survey dates and reminders. Those participants who decide to complete and submit their survey will serve as our purposive sample. Each participant that partook will receive 10 dollars, for participation. Instruments Survey During the research study potential participants will be given a questionnaire. The purpose of this questionnaire is to assess the participant’s positions regarding whether or not a glass ceiling exists in the political sector. A clear and precise definition of the â€Å"glass ceiling† will be briefly described at the top of the survey, before the questions begin. Glass Ceiling definition is as follows: â€Å"an upper limit to professional advancement, especially as imposed upon women, that is not readily perceived or openlyShow MoreRelatedGovernmental Structure Essay865 Words   |  4 PagesGovernmental Structure Government must be created to serve the people in a just manner. James Madison can best explain this in his writings of The Federalist number 51 saying, If men were angels, no government would be necessary. 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Profiling Database Application to Detect SQL Injection Attacks.

Question: Describe about the Profiling Database Application to Detect SQL Injection Attacks? Answer: Solution Bus Booking System The Online Bus Ticket Reservation System is a application which is web-based permits guests to check obtainability of bus tickets, purchase bus ticket and wage the online. The scheme is exact in implementation and project. The scheme needs exact little scheme resources and the scheme will effort in nearly altogether configurations. It has acquired subsequent topographies: It will safeguard statistics correctness. Accounts will be professionally preserved by DBMS. Obtainability of seats could be queried effortlessly. Travelers can also withdraw their tickets effortlessly. Least time desirable for the numerous handling. It will deliver improved facility. User Activities The greatest actions approved out by employer are exemplified bellow The user can create account The user can edit account The user can reset password The passengers can be edited The ticket booking Deletion of account Database Creating 3 tables: Bus User Account For each table we will have following things: Bus: Arrival Destination Departure destination Arrival time Departure time FareUser: User User name User id Password Address Account: passenger details last ticket booked Sql query: For bus: create table BUS ( arrivalDest varchar2(20) , departureDest varchar2(20) , arrival_time date , dep_time date , fare decimal(5,2) , Total_seats number (2) ); For user: create table user_bus { u_Name varchar2(20), u_ID varchar2(10), password varchar2(20), address varchar2(50) ); For account: create table Account ( u_ID varchar2(10), pass_details varchar2(30), contactNo number(10), last_ticket varchar2(30) ); Registration before use sql query: Insert into table user_bus values ( ronit roy , r007 , hash007 , 110 / 07 baker street , London, U.K. ) ; Adding Passenger information : Insert into table account values ( Steve Jobs , 1234567890 ) ; Adding itinerary: Insert into table BUS values ( London , Scotland , '12-jul-15 02.10.10 PM ' , '12-jul-15 02.10.10 PM ' , 100.20 , 15 ) ; Edit passenger information : Update account set pass_details = Amanda Rose where contactNo = 1234567890 ; Delete passenger information : Delete from account where contactNo = 1234567890 ; Edit account information : Update account set contactNo = 1234567890 where pass_details = Amanda Rose ; Fuctions : Create user : Insert into table user_bus values ( Roney cole , RC101 , pass123 , 1 12 park avenue , los angeles ); Edit user information : Update user_bus set u_name = Amanda Rose where u_ID = RR101 ; Reset password : Update user_bus set password = RoseMaryMarlow9 where u_ID = RR101 ; Add another passenger : Insert into table account values ( Steffi johns , 1234567891 ) ; Edit passenger : Update account set pass_details = Amanda Rose where contactNo = 1234567890 ; Delete passenger : Delete from account where contactNo = 1234567890 ; Book ticket : Insert into table BUS values ( London , Scotland , '12-jul-15 02.10.10 PM ' , '12-jul-15 02.10.10 PM ' , 100.20 , 15 ) ; Change ticket : Update bus set arrivalDest = paris , departureDest = zurich where seat 0 ; Cancel ticket : Update bus set arrivalDest = paris , departureDest = zurich where seat = seat +1 ; Program (Java) Java code is given and attached in the file project.java. References: Bertino, E., Kamra, A. and Early, J. (2007). Profiling Database Application to Detect SQL Injection Attacks.2007 IEEE International Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference. Li, Y. and Manoharan, S. (2013). A performance comparison of SQL and NoSQL databases.2013 IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, Computers and Signal Processing (PACRIM). 3. Ilpubs.stanford.edu, (2015).Lore: A Database Management System for Semistructured Data - Stanford InfoLab Publication Server. [online] Available at: https://ilpubs.stanford.edu:8090/261/ [Accessed 2 Sep. 2015]. 4. Selinger, P., Astrahan, M., Chamberlin, D., Lorie, R. and Price, T. (1979). Access path selection in a relational database management system.Proceedings of the 1979 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data - SIGMOD '79. 5. Astrahan, M., Mehl, J., Putzolu, G., Traiger, I., Wade, B., Watson, V., Blasgen, M., Chamberlin, D., Eswaran, K., Gray, J., Griffiths, P., King, W., Lorie, R. and McJones, P. (1976). System R: relational approach to database management.ACM Transactions on Database Systems, 1(2), pp.97-137. 6. Zhang, C., Naughton, J., DeWitt, D., Luo, Q. and Lohman, G. (2001). On supporting containment queries in relational database management systems.Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data - SIGMOD '01. 7. Stonebraker, M. (1981). Operating system support for database management.Communications of the ACM, 24(7), pp.412-418. 8. McFadden, F., Prescott, M. and Hoffer, J. (1998). Modern Database Management.Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc., [online] p. Available at: https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=551959 [Accessed 2 Sep. 2015]. 9. Harmsen, D., Claus, H., Witte, W., Rothganger, J., Claus, H., Turnwald, D. and Vogel, U. (2003). Typing of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a University Hospital Setting by Using Novel Software for spa Repeat Determination and Database Management.Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 41(12), pp.5442-5448. 10. Dspace.utamu.ac.ug, (2015). [online] Available at: https://dspace.utamu.ac.ug:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/85/%5BRamakrishnan_R.,_Gehrke_J.%5D_Database_Management_S(BookFi.org).pdf?sequence=1isAllowed=y [Accessed 2 Sep. 2015]. 11. Li, Y. and Manoharan, S. (2013). A performance comparison of SQL and NoSQL databases.2013 IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, Computers and Signal Processing (PACRIM). 12. Mohan, C., Lindsay, B. and Obermarck, R. (1986). Transaction management in the R* distributed database management system.ACM Transactions on Database Systems, 11(4), pp.378-396. 13. Tsichritzis, D. and Klug, A. (1978). The ANSI/X3/SPARC DBMS framework report of the study group on database management systems.Information Systems, 3(3), pp.173-191. 14. Govindaraju, N., Gray, J., Kumar, R. and Manocha, D. (2006). GPUTeraSort.Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data - SIGMOD '06. 15. Vldb.org, (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.vldb.org/conf/1986/P294.PDF [Accessed 2 Sep. 2015]. 16. Butterworth, P., Otis, A. and Stein, J. (1991). The GemStone object database management system.Communications of the ACM, 34(10), pp.64-77. 17. Kemper, A. and Moerkotte, G. (1994). Object-oriented database management: applications in engineering and computer science.Prentice-Hall, Inc., [online] p. Available at: https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=174450 [Accessed 2 Sep. 2015]. 18. Menasc, D. and Nakanishi, T. (1982). Optimistic versus pessimistic concurrency control mechanisms in database management systems.Information Systems, 7(1), pp.13-27.